VITMEE Syllabus 2024 PDF: Check Exam Pattern

VITMEE Syllabus 2024 PDF Download: Check Exam Pattern – Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) officials have released VITMEE Syllabus 2024 and VITMEE Exam Pattern PDF. candidates who are preparing for VITMEE 2024 can download the VITMEE Exam Pattern 2024, and VITMEE Syllabus 2024 PDFs from the official website @vit.ac.in. here, we have provided the subject-wise VITMEE Exam Syllabus 2024 PDFs on this page.

VITMEE Exam Syllabus 2024 & Exam Pattern PDF – Overview

VITMEE Exam Pattern 2024

The VITMEE question paper of the recruitment test will be 100 questions with a Maximum mark of 100 Marks and All questions carry equal marks. The Exam duration of the VITMEE paper will be 120 minutes. for each wrong answer, a 0 mark will be deducted. Below the given table is for the VITMEE Exam Pattern 2024.

• Total Question – 100 Questions
• Total Marks – 100 Marks
• Exam Duration –  120 Minutes
• Language –
• Mode of Exam –
• Negative Marking – No

VITMEE Syllabus 2024 – Subject Wise

VITMEE 2024 Syllabus For Chemical Engineering

• Laws of thermodynamics – reversible and irreversible process – the concept of an ideal gas and real gas – equations of states – Maxwell relations – adiabatic and isothermal compression – phase equilibrium – Gibbs phase rule – the system of variable composition – Vant Hoffs equation – applications of Gibbs – Duhem equation. 
• Law of conservation of mass and energy – material balance energy balance and their applications – unit operation and unit process – psychrometry – combustion calculations. 
• Classification of fluids – fluid statics – basic equations of fluid flow – Bernoulli’s equation – laminar flow – friction in flow through beds of solids – packed beds – fluid moving machinery – classification of pumps and its characteristics. 
• Introduction to particulate solids – particle separation – size reduction – motion of a particle through fluid – classification of particulate solids – centrifugal classifier – sedimentation techniques – flotation – filtration equipment – agitation and mixing of liquids. 
• Fourier’s law of heat conduction – the concept of thermal conductivity – heat transfer through fins – convective heat transfer – transfer of heat in flowing fluids – laminar and turbulent flow – heat transfer with and without phase change – types of evaporators – multiple effect evaporators. 
• Differential and integral method of analysis of rate data – ideal reactor design – Residence time distribution – C, E and F curves. 
• Basic principles of unit operation and unit process – schematic representations of unit operations – manufacture of sulfur, hydrochloric acid, cement, glass, products used in photography, ceramics and refractory, industrial gases, paints, pigments, fertilizers – fermentation process for the production of ethanol – manufacture of citric acid, antibiotics, penicillin, soaps, detergents – petroleum refining process – process for the production of petrochemical precursors – production of resins, nature and synthetic rubber. 
• Diffusion in liquids – development of rate equation for the mass transfer – contracting devices for improving mass transfer characteristics – humidification, drying and crystallization – distillation, continuous rectification operation, absorption, liquid-liquid extraction and leaching – fundamental principles and design of the pressure, reaction vessels and related equipment in the above process. 
• Overview of industrial biochemical processes – industrially important microbial strains – enzymes used in industry, medicine and food – industrial production, purification and immobilization of enzymes – reactors types, characteristics and design – growth characteristics of microbial cells – free cell and immobilized cell reactors – downstream processing and effluent treatment.

VITMEE Syllabus 2024 For Chemistry

• Atomic Structure 
• Planck’s quantum theory – wave-particle duality – Heisenberg’s principle  
• Schrodinger wave equation – particle in a box and hydrogen atom – VB and MO theories 
• Spectroscopy 
• Rotational and vibrational spectra – harmonic anharmonic oscillator and Rigid Rotor – selection rules – fundamentals, overtones and combinational bands – calculation of force constants (diatomic molecules) 
• Group frequencies – electronic spectroscopy – potential energy diagram – term symbols – selection rules – L-S and J-J coupling 
• Frank Condon principle – oscillator’s strength – effect of solvents on spectra 
• Thermodynamics 
• Laws of thermodynamics – First law – second law – third law (terms and their relations) 
• Chemical kinetics and equilibrium 
• The rate is constant of chemical reactions, temperature dependence, collision and transition state theories – consecutive and parallel reactions – chemical equilibrium and the response of chemical equilibrium to temperature and pressure. 
• d and f block elements 
• General characteristics of d and f block elements 
• Coordination chemistry; structure and isomerism; stability; theories of metal-ligand bonding (CFT and LFT); mechanisms of substitution and electron transfer reactions of coordination complexes 
• Electronic spectra and magnetic properties of transition metal complexes, lanthanides and actinides 
• Metal carbonyls, metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters, metallocenes; transition metal complexes with bonds to hydrogen, alkyls, alkenes and arenes; metal carbenes; use of organometallic compounds as catalysts in organic synthesis 
• Bioinorganic chemistry of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Co, Zn, Cu and Mo 
• Solid State 
• Crystal systems and lattices, Miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects 
• Bragg’s law, ionic crystals, band theory, metals and semiconductors, different structures of AX, AX2, AX3 compounds, spinels 
• Instrumental methods of analysis 
• Atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy including ICP-AES, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, NMR, Mass, Mossbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn) 
• ESR spectroscopy, chromatography including GC and HPLC, electroanalytical methods (coulometry, cyclic voltammetry, polarography – amperometry, and ion-selective electrodes) 
• Structural determination of organic and inorganic compounds using UV-Visible, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy 
• Stereochemistry 
• Chirality of organic molecules with or without chiral centres 
• Specification of configuration in compounds having one or more stereogenic centres 
• Enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces 
• Stereospecific synthesis 
• Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic compounds 
• Geometrical isomerism 
• Configurational and conformational effects on reactivity and selectivity/specificity 
• Reaction Mechanism 
• Electrophilic and Nucleophilic substitution reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds and their mechanisms 
• Addition and Elimination reactions and their mechanisms 
• Reaction intermediates carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes and free radicals 
• Organic synthesis 
• Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following – alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, halides, nitro compounds and amines. 
• Use of compounds of Mg, Li, Cu, B and Si in organic synthesis. 
• Concepts in multistep synthesis – retrosynthetic analysis, disconnections, synthons, synthetic equivalents, umpolung in chemistry, selectivity, protection and deprotection of functional groups. 
• Heterocyclic compounds 
• Structure and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole and their derivatives. 
• Biomolecules 
• Structure, properties and reactions of mono- and disaccharides, physicochemical properties of amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids. 

VITMEE 2024 Syllabus For Civil Engineering

• Engineering Mathematics 
• Linear Algebra – Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigenvectors. 
• Calculus – Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Mean value theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems. 
• Differential equations – First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one-dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation. 
• Complex variables – Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Taylor and Laurent series. 
• Probability and Statistics – Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions. 
• Numerical Methods – Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, single and multi-step methods for differential equations. 
• Structural Engineering 
• Mechanics – Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams. Simple stress and strain relationship Stress and strain in two dimensions, principal stresses, stress transformation, Mohr’s circle. Simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, unsymmetrical bending, shear centre. Thin-walled pressure vessels, uniform torsion, buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses. 
• Structural Analysis – Analysis of statically determinate trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames, displacements in statically determinate structures and analysis of statically indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods, analysis by displacement methods (slope deflection method), influence lines for determinate and indeterminate structures. Basic concepts of matrix methods of structural analysis. 
• Concrete Structures – Concrete Technology- properties of concrete, basics of mix design. Concrete design-basic working stress and limit state design concepts, analysis of ultimate load capacity and design of members subjected to flexure, shear, compression and torsion by limit state methods. Basic elements of prestressed concrete, analysis of beam sections at transfer and service loads. 
• Steel Structures – Analysis and design of tension and compression members, beams and beam-columns, column bases. Connections simple and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses. Plastic analysis of beams and frames. 
• Geotechnical Engineering 
• Soil Mechanics – Origin of soils, soil classification, three-phase system, fundamental definitions, relationship and interrelationships, permeability and seepage, effective stress principle, consolidation, compaction, shear strength. 
• Foundation Engineering – Sub-surface investigations- scope, drilling boreholes, sampling, penetration tests, plate load test. Earth pressure theories, the effect of the water table, layered soils. Stability of slopes-infinite slopes, finite slopes. Foundation types foundation design requirements. Shallow foundations bearing capacity, the effect of shape, water table and other factors, stress distribution, settlement analysis in sands and clays. Deep foundations – pile types, dynamic and static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands and clays, negative skin friction. 
• Water Resources Engineering 
• Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics – Properties of fluids, the principle of conservation of mass, momentum, energy and corresponding equations, potential flow, applications of momentum and Bernoulli’s equation, laminar and turbulent flow, flow in pipes, pipe networks. Concept of boundary layer and its growth. Uniform flow, critical flow and gradually varied flow in channels, specific energy concept, hydraulic jump. Forces on immersed bodies, flow measurements in channels, tanks and pipes. Dimensional analysis and hydraulic modelling. Kinematics of flow, velocity triangles and specific speed of pumps and turbines. 
• Hydrology – Hydrologic cycle, rainfall, evaporation, infiltration, stage-discharge relationships, unit hydrographs, flood estimation, reservoir capacity, reservoir and channel routing. Well hydraulics. 
• Irrigation – Duty, delta, estimation of evapotranspiration. Crop water requirements. Design of lined and unlined canals, waterways, headworks, gravity dams and spillways. Design of weirs on permeable foundation. Types of irrigation systems, irrigation methods. Waterlogging and drainage, sodic soils. 
• Environmental Engineering 
• Water requirements – Quality standards, basic unit processes and operations for water treatment. Drinking water standards, water requirements, basic unit operations and unit processes for surface water treatment, distribution of water. Sewage and sewerage treatment, quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of wastewater, sludge disposal, effluent discharge standards. Domestic wastewater treatment, quantity of characteristics of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment Unit operations and unit processes of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal. 
• Air Pollution – Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality standards and limits. 
• Municipal Solid Wastes – Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal). 
• Noise Pollution – Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise pollution, measurement of noise and control of noise pollution. 
• Transportation Engineering 
• Highway Planning – Geometric design of highways, testing and specifications of paving materials, design of flexible and rigid pavements. 
• Traffic Engineering – Traffic characteristics, theory of traffic flow, intersection design, traffic signs and signal design, highway capacity. 

VITMEE Syllabus 2024 For Computer Science and Engineering, IT & Software Technology Syllabus

• Engineering Mathematics 
• Mathematical Logic – Syntax of First-Order Logic, Semantics of First-Order Logic, a Sequent Calculus, the Completeness Theorem, the Limitations of First-Order Logic. 
• Differential and Integral Calculus – Limit, Continuity, Differentiability, Leibniz theorem, Mean Value Theorems, Taylor’s theorem, Integrals, Improper integrals, Total Differentiation, Partial derivatives, Maxima and Minima, vector calculus, Linear differential equations. 
• Probability and Statistics – Probability, conditional probability, Baye’s theorem, means, median, mode, moments, standard deviation. Random variables, Uniform, Binomial, Poisson, normal distributions, Correlation and regression, Sampling and Tests of significance. 
• Numerical Methods – Solutions to algebraic and transcendental equations(Bisection and Newton Raphsons’ methods), simultaneous linear algebraic equations(Gauss elimination, Crouts, Gauss seidal and relaxation), Interpolation methods (forward, backward and central), numerical integration (Trapezoidal, Simpson’s and Weddle’s) eigen values and eigen vectors, Numerical solutions to ordinary (Euler, modified Euler, Runga Kutta 4th order) and partial differential ( parabolic, elliptic and Hyperbolic) equations. 
• Linear Algebra and Transforms – Linear vector space, determinants, matrices, eigen values, eigen vectors, elements of complex analysis, laplace transforms, Fourier analysis. 
• Theoretical Computer Science 
• Discrete Mathematics: Sets, relations and functions, algebra of matrices and determinants, algebraic structures, Booleanalgebra and applications, order relations and structures, graph theory, logic and combinatorics 
• Theory of computation: Regular languages and finite automata, context free languages and Push down automata, recursively enumerable sets and Turing machines, undecidability. 
• Analysis of algorithms and computational complexity: Asymptotic analysis ( best , worst, average case) oftime and space, Upper and lower bounds on the complexity of specific problems, NP-completeness, code and query tuning techniques, numerical analysis, power analysis & resiliency, intractable problems. 
• Computer Hardware 
• Electronics: Network analysis, semiconductor devices, bipolar transistors, FET’s, Power supplies, amplifier, Oscillators, Operational amplifiers, elements of digital electronics, logic circuits. 
• Digital logic: Number systems and codes, Gates, TTL circuits, Boolean algebra and Karnaugh maps, Arithmetic logic units, Flip flops, registers and counters, Memories, Combinational and sequential logic circuits . 
• Computer Architecture and organization: Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU and data path, Register Transfer Language, hardware and micro programmed control, memory interface, RAM, ROM I/O interface ( Interrupt and DMA modes), serial communication interface, instruction pipelining, Cache, main and secondary memory storage, organization and structure of disk drives, RAID architectures Microprocessors: 8085, 8086, Interfacing and memory addressing. 
• Software systems 
• Data structures: Notion of abstract data types, stack, Queue, List, set, string, Tree, binary search trees, heap, graph. 
• Programming methodology: Introduction to programming, pointers, arrays, control structures, Iterational control structures, functions, recursion, testing, debugging, code review, structures, files. 
• Algorithms for problem solving: Tree and graph traversal, connected components, spanning trees, shortest paths, hashing, sorting, searching, design paradigms (Greed y, dynamic programming, divide and conquer). 
• Programming language processors: Compiler, Interpreter, assembler, Linker, Loader, Macro processors, phases of compilers, Lexical analysis, parsing, Top-down parsing and bottom up parsing, syntax directed translation, runtime environment, Symbol table, type checking, intermediate Code generation, Code optimization, code generation. 
• Operating Systems: Memory management, page faults, overlay, processor management, device management, dead locks, Process, thread and inter process communication, CPU scheduling, file systems, I/O systems, protection and security. 
• System & program development methodology: Software paradigms, principles of programming inany language, documentation, system analysis and design methodologies, User Interface Design (UID), software construction, software testing, software quality, Object Oriented Aanlaysis and Design (OOAD) concepts. 
• Management Information systems: Aspects of Management and Information systems, decision support and operation support system, sys t ems approaches to MIS, computers and information system in business. 
• Databases management systems: Data, database and DBMS, Data dictionary/directory, schema, description of database structure, forms of DBMS systems, Hierarchical, network and RDBMS, DDL, DML , stored data s tructure language and query language, Recent trends in database management systems, Memory management techniques used in computers, query languages(SQL), file structures ( sequential files, indexing, B* trees) Transactions and concurrency control, Basic concepts of transaction processing , ACID properties of transactions, serializability of transactions, concurrency control, recovery, OLAP. 
• Computer networks & Data communications: Analog versus Digital communication, modems, multiplexers, and concentrators, serial versus parallel communication, simplex, duplex, and half duplex communication, synchronous and asynchronous communication, Error detection/correction methods, data link control protocols, balanced and unbalanced interfaces, communication media, ISO/OSI stack, Sliding window protocol, LAN Technologies (Ethernet, Token ring), TCP/UDP, IP, switches, gateways, and routers. 
• Web technologies: HTML, XML, Concepts of network and internet, WWW and HTTP, web server, web applications, load balancing and application server, web securities. 
• Computing Technologies: Client server computing, Logical layers in client server architecture, Two-tier versus Three-tier, Distributed computing, Middleware, Mobile Computing, Cloud Computing. 

VITMEE Syllabus 2024 For Electronics and Communication Engineering Engineering Mathematics

• Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors. 
• Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improperintegrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems. 
• Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differentialequations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundar y Value problems, Partial Diffe re ntial Equations and variable separable method. 
• Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor’s andLaurent’ series, Residue theorem, solution integrals. 
• Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-s tep methodsfo r differential equations. 
• Transform Theor y: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform. 
• Network 
• Network graphs: Matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set and fundamentalcircuit matrices. Solution methods; nodal and mesh analysis. Network theorems; superposition, Thevenin and Nortan’s, maximum po wer transfe r, wye-delta transformation, steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors, fourier series, linear constant coefficient differential and difference equations; time domain analysis of simple RLC circuits. Laplace and Z transforms: frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits, convolution, 2-port network parameters, driving point and transfer functions, state equation for networks. 
• Analog Circuits: Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small signal) of diodes, BJT, JFETsand MOSFET simple diode circuits: clipping, clamping, rectifier, biasing and bias stability of transistor and FET amplifiers. Amplifiers: single and multi-s tage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency response of amplifiers. Simple op-amp circuits. Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for osci llation; single-transis tor and op-amp configurations. Function generators and waveshaping circuits, Power supplies. 
• Digital Circuits: Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift- registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor (8085): architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing 
• Control Systems: Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description, reduction of block diagrams, properties of systems: linearity, time-invariance, stability, causality. Open loop and closed loop (feedback) systems. Special properties of linear time-invariance (LTI) systems- transfer function, impulse response, poles, zeros, their significance and stability analysis of these systems. Signal flow graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI system and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis: Root, loci, Routh_Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots; Control system compensators: elements of lead and lag compensations, elements of proportional-integral- Derivative (PID) control. State variable representation and solution of state equation for LTI systems. 
• Communication Systems: Fourier analysis of signals – amplitude, phase and power spectrum, auto-correlation and cross-correlation and their Fourier transforms. Signal transmission through linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, impulse response and frequency response, group delay phase delay. Analog modulation systems-amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, superhete rodyne receivers, elements of hardwares realizations of analog communication systems. Basic sampling theorems. Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM). Digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Multiplexing – time division and frequency division. Additive Gaussian noise; characterization using correlation, probability density function (PDF), power spectral density (PSD). Signalto- noise ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions. 
• Electromagnetics: Elements of vector calculus: gradient, divergence and curl; Gauss and strokes theorems, maxwells equation: differential and integral forms. Wave equation. Poynting vector. Plane waves: propagation through various media; reflection and refraction; phase and group velocity; skin depth Transmission lines: Characteristic impedence; impedence transformation; smith chart; impedence matching pulse excitation. Wave guides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off frequencies; dispersion relations. Antennas; Dipole antennas; antenna arrays; radiation pattern; reciprocity theorem, antenna gain. 

VITMEE 2024 Syllabus For Electrical and Electronics Engineering

• Engineering Mathematics 
• Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors. 
• Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improperintegrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems. 
• Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differentialequations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method. 
• Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor’s andLaurent’ series, Residue theorem, solution integrals. 
• Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, modeand standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distribution, Correlation and regression analysis. 
• Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-s tep me thodsfo r differential equations. 
• Transform Theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform. 
• Electrical Engineering 
• Electric Circuits, Fields and Devices: Network graph, KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis, transientresponse of dc and ac networks; sinusoidal s teady- state analysis, resonance, basic filter concepts, ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin’s Norton’s and Superposition and Maximum Power Transfer theorems, two-port networks, three phase circuits; Gauss Theorem, electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions; Ampere’s and Biot- Savart’s laws; inductance; dielectrics; capacitance, Rectifier diodes, transistors, MOSFETs, Biasing, Half and Full wave rectification, JFETs. 
• Signals and Systems: Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals; shifting and scalingoperations; linear, time-invariant and causal systems; Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals; sampling theorem; Fourier, Laplace and Z transforms. 
• Electrical Machines: Single phase transformer–equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests, regulation andefficiency; three phase transformers – connections, parallel operation; auto-transformer; energy conversion principles; DC machines – types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, starting and speed control of motors; three phase induction motors – principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and speed control; single phase induction motors; synchronous machines – performance, regulation and parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications; servo and stepper motors.  
• Power Systems: Basic power generation concepts; transmission line models and performance; cableperformance, insulation; corona and radio interference; dis tri bution sy s t ems; per-unit quantities; bus impedance and admittance matrices; load flow; voltage control; power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components; fault analysis; principles of over-current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays and digital protection; circuit breakers; system stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion; HVDC transmission and FACTS concepts. 
• Control Systems: Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagrams; steady-state errors;Routh and Niquist techniques; Bode plots; root loci; lag, lead and lead-lag compensation; state space model; state transition matrix, controllability and observability. 
• Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving iron,dynamometer and induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor; instrument transformers; digital voltmeters and multimeters; phase, time and frequency measurement; Q-meters; oscilloscopes; potentiometric recorders; error analysis. 
• Analog and Digital Electronics: Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET; amplifiers – biasing, equivalentcircuit and frequency response; oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational amplifiers – characteristics and applications; simple active filters; VCOs and timers; combinational and sequential logic circuits; multiplexer; Schmitt trigger; multi-vibrators; sample and hold circuits; A/D and D/A converters; 8-bit microprocessor basics, architecture, programming and interfacing. 
• Power Electronics and Drives: Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTOsMOSFETs and IGBTs – static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters – fully controlled and half controlled; principles of choppers and inverters; basic concepts of adjustable speed dc and ac drives. 

VITMEE Syllabus 2024 For Instrumentation Engineering

• Engineering Mathematics 
• Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors. 
• Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improperintegrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems. 
• Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differentialequations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method. 
• Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor’s andLaurent’ series, Residue theorem, solution integrals. 
• Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode andstandard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distribution, Correlation and regression analysis. 
• Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-s tep me thodsfo r differential equations. 
• Transform Theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform. 
• Instrumentation Engineering 
• Basics of Circuits and Measurement Systems: Kirchoff’s laws, mesh and nodal Analysis.Circuit theorems. One port and two-port Network Functions. Static and dynamic characteristics of Measurement Systems. Error and uncertainty analysis. Statistical analysis of data and curve fitting. 
• Transducers, Mechanical Measurement and Industrial Instrumentation: Resistive, Capacitive, Inductive and piezoelectric transducers and their signal conditioning. Measurement of displacement, velocity and acceleration (translational and rotational), force, torque, vibration and shock. Measurement of pressure, flow, temperature and liquid level. Measurement of pH, conductivity, viscosity and humidity. 
• Analog Electronics: Characteristics of diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits. Transistors at low andhigh frequencies, Amplifiers, single and multi-stage. Feedback amplifiers. Operational amplifiers, characteristics and circuit configurations. Instrumentation amplifier. Precision rectifier. V-to-I and I-to-V c onverter. Op-Amp based active filters. Oscillators and signal generators. 
• Digital Electronics: Combinational logic circuits, minimization of Boolean functions. IC families, TTL,MOS and CMOS. Arithmetic circuits. Comparators, Schmitt trigger, timers and mono-stable multi-vibrator. Sequential circuits, flip-flops, counters, shift registers. Multiplexer, S/H circuit. Analog-to-Digital and Digital to- Analog converters. Basics of number system. Microprocessor applications, memory and input-output interfacing. Microcontrollers. 
• Signals, Systems and Communications: Periodic and aperiodic signals. Impulse response, transferfunction and frequency response of first- and second order systems. Convolution, correlation and characteristics of linear time invariant systems. Discrete time system, impulse and frequency response. Pulse transfer function. IIR and FIR filters. Amplitude and frequency modulation and demodulation. Sampling theorem, pulse code modulation. Frequency and time division multiplexing. Amplitude shift keying, frequency shift keying and pulse shift keying for digital modulation. 
• Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers, measurement of R, L andC. Measurements of voltage, current, power, power factor and energy. A.C & D.C current probes. Extension of instrument ranges. Q-meter and waveform analyzer. Digital voltmeter and multimeter. Time, phase and frequency measurements. Cathode ray oscilloscope. Serial and parallel communication. Shielding and grounding. 
• Control Systems and Process Control: Feedback principles. Signal flow graphs. Transient Response,steadystate- errors. Routh and Nyquist critera. Bode plot, root loci. Time delay systems. Phase and gain margin. States pace representation of systems. Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components. Synchro pair, servo and step motors. On- off, cascade, P, P-I, P-I-D, feed forward and derivative controller, Fuzzy controllers. 
• Analytical, Optical and Biomedical Instrumentation: Mass spectrometry. UV, visible and IRspectrometry. X-ray and nuclear radiation measurements. Optical sources and detectors, LED, laser, photo-diode, photo- resistor and their characteristics. Interferometers, applications in metrology. Basics of fiber optics. Biomedical instruments, EEG, ECG and EMG. Clinical Measurements. Ultrasonic transducers and Ultrasonography. Principles of Computer Assisted Tomography. 

VITMEE 2024 Syllabus For Life Sciences

• Biophysics : Levels of structures in Biological macromolecules. Basic strategies in biophysics. Forces that determine protein and nucleic acid structure, Prediction of proteins structure nucleic acids, Properties of lipid bilayers, Biochemical Kinetics studies, unimolecular reactions, methods of determining macromolecular structures inclusive of the spectroscopic techniques like UV-vis absorption, IR absorption, circular dichroism fluoresence NMR and X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. 
• Biochemistry : Structure and properties, Amino acids, peptides, proteins and conjugated proteins, protein hydration, coagulation, denaturation – gelation, protein-protein interactions, cytosolic and membrane properties, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides, polynucleotides, Ribonucleic acids and deoxyribonucleic acids, TCA cycle, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, Embden Meyerhof pathway, urea cycle, metabolic regulation, respiratory chain, TP cycle, energy rich compounds, integrated metabolism, Carbohydrates – linear and branched carbohydrates, N containing carbohydrates, cell wall carbohydrates, metabolism of carbohydrates, Fats and oils-structure and properties of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, glycerolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, steroids, Vitamins and minerals-types, structure and functional properties of vitamins, utility of essential minerals sources and trace elements. 
• Biotechnology : Importance and economics of downstream processing in biotechnology process-problems and requirements of bioproduct purification, process design criteria, primary separation and recovery process, membrane based separations, precipitation methods, different types of purification and chromatographic techniques. Types of reactors – ideal reactors, integral method of analysis for reactions, simultaneous, consecutive and combined reactions, models for non-ideal flow. Industrial biotechnology – isolation, preservation and improvement of industrial microbes for overproduction of primary and secondary metabolites, economics of modern industrial processes, fermentation processes and biological waste treatment processes. Introduction to bioinformatics – sequence databases, search and their use, sequence alignment, ultrasonic trees, parsimony, phylogenetic alignment, connection between multiple alignment and tree construction, DNA mapping and sequencing, sequence assembly and gene prediction, molecular predictions with DNA strings. 
• Cell Structure and Function of the Organelles : Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells, cell division, mitosis & meiosis cell cycle and molecules that control cell cycle, endocytosis and Exocytosis. Ultrastructure of cellular organelles, viz. Mitochondria, ER, Golgi, Chloroplast, plasma membrane, centriole, nuclear and membrane bound receptors, Signal Transduction, Signal Amplification Techniques of propagation of prokaryotic and Eukayotic cells, Autocrine, Paracrine and Endocrine models of action, Cell line, generation of cell lines. 
• Molecular Biology : Structure of DNA and histone molecules, Replication of eukaryotic chromosomes, nucleoid the complex replication apparatus, process of transcription and, Structure of tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, Deciphering of the genetic code, Translation, Mutation. General principles of cloning. 
• Recombinant DNA : Genetic elements that control gene expression, method of creating recombinant DNA molecules creating transgenic animals, plants microbes, safety guidelines of creating recombinant DNA research, restriction enzymes and mapping of DNA, plasmid and phage and other vectors. Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries, methods of nucleic acid. Patents and methods of application of patents, legal implications bioremediation. Ecosystems, energy flow, ecological succession , pollution. 
• Conventional and Non-conventional sources of energy. Bio-geo chemical cycles. Biodiversity and wild life conservation. Social issues and the environment. 
• Genetics : Classical genetics, Mendel’s genetics, crossing over, linkage, Chromosome maps, chromosomal theory of heredity, cytoplasmic inheritance, Sex determination, sex linked inheritance, microbial genetics, population genetics, polyploidy, pedigree analysis, eugenics, mutation.  
• Microbiology : Basic concepts of Microbiology, classification, morphology, anatomy, physiology of bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasite. Microbes of various plant and animal diseases. Indus trial microbiology, Microbial biotechnology, Mircrobial diversity and ecology. 
• Immunology : Basic concepts of immunology, types of immunity, biotechnological applications; organs of immune, response Innate and adaptive immunity, clonal selection theory, hypersensitivity, hybridoma technology, vaccine development, epitope mapping and immunomics, immunological tolerance and transplantation biotechnology. 
• Plant Sciences: Taxonomy and systematic botany, Plant structure and development, morphology and anato my, embryogenesis of mono and dicots. Phytohormones, respiration, nutrition, transpiration. Photosynthesis, C3 and C4, & CAM plants, photoperiodism, concepts of ecosystems and energy flow in biosphere. 

VITMEE Syllabus 2024 For Mathematics

• Linear Algebra: Finite dimensional vector spaces; Linear transformations and theirmatrix representations, rank; systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors, minimal polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton Theroem, diagonalisation, Hermitian, Skew-Hermitian and unitary matrices; Finite dimensional inner product spaces, Gram- Schmidt orthonormalization process, self-adjoint operators. 
• Complex Analysis: Analytic functions, conformal mappings, bi linear transformations;complex integration: Cauchy’s integral theorem and formula; Liouville’s theorem, maximum modulus principle Taylor and Laurent’s series; residue theorem and applications for evaluating real integrals. 
• Real Analysis: Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence, power series,Fourier series, functions of several variables, maxima, minima Riemann integration, multiple integrals, line, surface and volume integrals, theorems of Green’s, Stokes and Gauss Metric spaces, completeness, Weierstrass approximation theorem, compactness; Lebesgue measure, measurable functions; Lebesgue integral, Fatou’s lemma, dominated convergence theorem. 
• Ordinary Differential Equations: First order ordinary differential equations, existence anduniqueness theorems, systems of linear first order ordinary differential equations, linear ordinary differential equations of higher order with constant coefficients; linear second order ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients; method of Laplace transforms for solving ordinary differential equations, series solutions; Legendre and Bessel functions and their orthogonality. 
• Algebra: Normal subgroups and homomorphism theorems, automorphisms; Group actions,Sylow’s theorems and their applications; Euclidean domains, Principle ideal domains and unique factorization domains. Prime ideals and maximal ideals in commutative rings; Fields, finite fields. 
• Functional Analysis: Banach spaces, Hahn-Banach extension theorem, open mapping andclosed graph theorems, principle of uniform boundedness; Hilbert spaces, orthonormal bases, Riesz representation theorem, bounded linear operators. 
• Numerical Analysis: Numerical solution of algebraic and transcendental equations:bisection, secant method, Newton-Raphson method, fixed point iteration; interpolation: error of polynomial interpolation, Lagrange, Newton interpolations Numerical differentiation; numerical integration: Trapezoidal and Simpson rules, Gauss Legendre quadrature, method of undetermined parameters; least square polynomial approximation; numerical solution of systems of linear equations: direct methods (Gauss elimination, LU decomposition); iterative methods (Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel); matrix eigenvalue problems: power method. N umerical solution of ordinary differential equations: initial value problems: Taylor series methods, Euler’s method, Runge-Kutta methods. 
• Partial Differential Equations: Linear and quasilinear first order partial differentialequations, method of characteristics; second order linear equations in two variables and their classification; Cauchy, Dirichlet and Neumann problems; solutions of Laplace, wave and diffusion equations in two variables; Fourier series and Fourier transform and Laplace transform methods of solutions for the above equations. 
• Mechanics: Virtual work, Lagrange’s equations for holonomic systems, Hamiltonianequations. 
• Topology: Basic concepts of topology, product topology, connectedness, compactness, countabi lity  and separation axioms, Urysohn’s Lemma. 
• Probability and  Statistics:  Probability  s pace, conditional probability, Bayes theorem, independence, Random variables, joint and conditional distributions, standard probability distributions and their properties, expectation, conditional expectation, moments; Weak and strong law of large numbers, central limit theorem Sampling distributions, UMVU estimators, maximum likelihood estimators, Testing of hypotheses, standard parametric tests. 
• Linear programming: Linear programming problem and its formulation, convex sets and theirproperties, graphical method, basic feasible solution, simplex method, big-M and two phase methods; infeasible and unbounded LPP’s, alternate optima Dual problem and duality theorems, dual simplex method and its application in post optimality analysis; Balanced and unbalanced transportation problems, Hungarian method for solving assignment problems. 
• Calculus of Variation and Integral Equations: Variation problems with fixed boundaries;sufficient conditions for extremum, linear integral equations of Fredholm and Volterra type, their iterative solutions. 

VITMEE 2024 Syllabus for Mechanical Engineering

• Engineering Mathematics – Geometry Equations of straight line, common normal between straight lines in space; Equations of circles, ellipse, etc.; parametric representation. 
• Linear Algebra – Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigenvectors. 
• Calculus – Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Mean value theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, 
• Differential equations – First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation. 
• Control Theory – Open and closed loop systems; Laplace transforms; Transfer function; Block Diagram analysis; Concepts of stability; Input signals and system response; Nyquist stability criterion; Bode plot. 
• Probability and Statistics – Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Permutations and combinations, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions. Properties of normal curve; Statistical quality control. 
• Applied Mechanics And Design 
• Engineering Mechanics – Free body diagrams and equilibrium; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of particles and of rigid bodies in plane motion, including impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations; impact. 
• Strength of Materials – Stress and strain, stress-strain relationship and elastic constants, Mohr ’s circle for plane stress and plane strain, thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; deflection of beams; thermal stresses; Stress concentration factor; Fatigue Strength and S-N curve; failure theories. 
• Theory of Machines – Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of slider-crank mechanism; flywheels. 
• Vibrations – Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems; effect of damping; vibration isolation; resonance, critical speeds of shafts. 
• Technical drafting – Engineering drawing practice; Indian standards for technical drawing. Machine Elements Basic concepts of machine elements and their design.  
• Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 
• Fluid Mechanics – Fluid properties; viscous flow of incompressible fluids; fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli’s equation; flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends etc. 
• Heat-Transfer – Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, fins; dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, radiative heat transfer, black and grey surfaces, shape factors; heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods. 
• Thermodynamics – Zeroth, First and Second laws of thermodynamics; thermodynamic system and processes; Carnot cycle. Irreversibility and availability; behaviour of ideal and real gases, properties of pure substances, calculation of work and heat in ideal processes; analysis of thermodynamic cycles related to energy conversion. 
• Power Engineering – Steam Tables, Rankine, Bray ton cycles with regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines air-standard Otto, Diesel cycles. Sterling cycle. 
• Refrigeration and air-conditioning – Vapour refrigeration cycle, heat pumps, gas refrigeration, Reverse Bray ton cycle; moist air psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes. 
• Turbo machinery – Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines, impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams. 
• Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering 
• Engineering Materials – Structure and properties of engineering materials, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials. 
• Metal Casting – Design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design, design considerations. 
• Forming – Load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy 
• Joining – Physics of welding, brazing and soldering; adhesive bonding; 
• Machining and Machine Tool Operations – Mechanics of machining, single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes; principles of work holding, principles of design of jigs and fixtures. 
• Metrology and Inspection – Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparat ors; gaugedesign; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly. 
• Production Planning and Control – Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning. 
• Inventory Control – Deterministic and probabilistic models; safety stock inventory control systems. 
• Operations Research – Linear programming, simplex and duplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM. 
• Mechatronics System Design – Pneumatic and hydraulic systems; Eletro-pneumatic and electro-hydraulic systems; Pneumatic, hydraulic and electric motors and actutators; Concepts of microcontrollers, Feedback devices; Point-to-point, continuous-path and servo control; Types of CNC machines and robots. Programmable logic controllers; CNC and robot programming. Some current developments in modern machine tools, robotics, mechatronics; Basic topics related to micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS). 
• Computer Integrated Manufacturing – Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools. Exchange of product design and manufacturing data; CNC and robot programming methods. CAD/CAM Software and Virtual Product Development; Rapid Manufacturing Technologies; Concepts of Machine vision and Jigless manufacturing; 
• Computer Aided Engineering – Finite Element Methods; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Mechanical Systems Simulation; Tools for conventional mechanisms and MEMS design. 
• Automotive Engineering – Development in Bio-fuels, other alternative fuels and hydrogen as future fuel; Emission standards; Electronic injection systems; Passenger comfort and safety devices; Indian auto industry and automotive vehicles in Indian market. 

VITMEE 2024 Syllabus For Nanotechnology

• Quantum Physics: Basis of Quantum Physics, de Broglie’s concept, operators, physical imperfection ofwave function, normalised and orthogonal wave function, Heisenberg’s uncertainty Principle. 
• Solid State Physics: Crystal structure, Bravais lattices and its basics, Miller indices, X-ray diffraction andBragg’s law, free electron theory of metals. Fermi energy and density of states, origin of energy bands, concept of holes and effective mass. Energy levels in One Dimension, Fermi-Dirac Dis tri bution, effect of Temperature on the Fermi-Dirac Distribution, free electron Gas in Three Dimension, crystal imperfections: Point imperfections – Vacancy, Substitution and interstitial impurity. 
• Electricity and Magnetism: Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s law. Electric field and potential. Electrostatic boundaryconditions, Conductors, capacitors, dielectrics, dielectric polarization, volume and surface charges, electrostatic energy. Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction Maxwell’s equations and static and time varying equations, Poynting ’s theorem, Lorentz Force and motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields. Elementar y ideas about dia-, para- and ferromagnetism, Langevin’s theory of paramagnetism, Curie’s law. 
• Materials: Different types of materials: Metals, Semiconductors, Composite materials, Ceramics,Alloys, Polymers. Chemical Bonding-Atomic Bonding in solids, Types of bond: Metallic, Ionic, Covalent and van der Waals bond; Hybridisation; Molecular orbital theory 
• Fabrication: Nanoparticles sy nthesis- Carbon Nanotubes, Metal nanoparticles, Q-Dots,Nanowires Thin film synthesis- Chemical Vapor Deposition, Physical Vapor Depostion, Self-Assembly, Lithography- Optical & Electron Lithography, Resists.  
• Characterisation: Electron microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, transmission electronmicroscope, scanning probe microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscope, Spectroscopy- FTIR, UV-Vis, Raman, NMR   
• Electronics: Intrinsic and extrinsic Semiconductors. Fermi level. p-n junctions, transistors. band-gapBipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET), Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) and Metal-Semiconductor Junction Field Effect Transistor (MESFET): various Structures, their functioning, I-V characteristic studies and applications, Transistor circuits in CB, CE, CC modes. Amplifier circuits with transistors. Operational amplifiers OR, AND, NOR and NAND gates. 

VITMEE Syllabus 2024 For Physics

• Mathematical Physics – Fourier series – Fourier transform – properties – convolution theorem – Application to solve differential equations – Laplace ‘s transform – properties – application to ordinary and partial differential equations-Cayley Hamilton Theorem – Eigen value problems 
• Spectroscopy – Atomic and Molecular Physics: Spectra of one – and many – electron atoms; LS and jj coupling; hyperfine structure; Zeeman and Stark effects; electric; electric dipole transitions and selection rules; X-ray spectra; rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic transition in diatomic molecules, Franck-Condon principle; Raman effect; NMR and ESR 
• Electro Magnetic Theory – Faraday’s laws of induction – Maxwell’s displacement current – Maxwell’s equations – vector and scalar potentials – Gauge invariance – wave equation and plane wave solutions – Coulomb and Lorentz Gauges – energy and momentum of the field – Poynting’s theorem. 
• Quantum Mechanics – Time Independent and Time Dependant Schrodinger wave equations, Justification of Schrodinger equation – the Schrodinger receipe – probabilities and normalization – Applications – particle in a box – simple harmonic oscillator – Dirac relativistic equations. 
• Statistical Mechanics – Equation of state – gas degeneracy – Bose-Einstein condensation – thermal properties of Bose-Einstein gas – liquid Helium – Tisza’s two fluid model – Landau’s theory of liquid Helium II – Black body radiation – phonons- Einstein and Debye models for lattice specific heat.  
• Experimental Design – Measurement of fundamental constants e, h, c – Measurement of High & Low Resistances, L and C – Detection of X-rays, Gamma rays, charged particles, neutrons etc. – Ionization chamber – proportional counter – GM counter – Scintillation detectors – Solid State detectors – Measurement of Magnetic field – Hall effect, magneto resistance – X-ray and neutron diffraction – Vacuum Techniques – basic idea of conductance, pumping speed etc – Pumps – Mechanical pump – Diffusion pump – Gauges Thermocouple – Penning – Pirani – Hot Cathode – Low Temperature – Cooling a sample over a range up to 4 K and measurement of temperature. 
• Lasers – Ruby laser – Nd – YAG laser – colour centre lasers – Helium – Neon laser – Carbondioxide laser – excimer lasers – liquid dye laser – semiconductor lasers – Homojunction laser – Heteorjunction laser – Quantum well laser. 
• Nonlinear Fiber Optics – Introduction – Second harmonic generation (SHG) – optical mixing – phase matching – Third harmonic generation (THG) – parametric generation of light – Optical parametric oscillator – self-focussing of light. 
• Solid State Physics – Types of lattices – Miller indices – Simple crystal structures – Crystal diffraction – Bragg’s law – Reciprocal Lattice (BCC, FCC) – Brillouin zone – Structure factor – Atomic form factor – Cohesive energy of ionic crystals – Madelung constant – Types of crystal binding. 
• Materials Science – Phase diagram – phase rule – single component system – binary phase diagram – microstructural changes during cooling – Lever rule – Magnesia – Alumina system – Copper – Zinc system -Iron – Carbon system – Applications of phase diagram.

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